This revealed its antioxidative role in reducing oxidative stress and contributing to the inhibition of melanin synthesis by modulating the GSH redox balance ( In vitro , PYC exhibits antioxidant effects during adipogenesis by downregulating the mRNA expression of pro-oxidant enzymes, such as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate hydrogen oxidase 4 and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, while simultaneously upregulating antioxidant enzymes, including Cu/Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, GPx, and GSH reductase ( ex vivo studies show that PYC acts synergistically with lutein to reduce oxidative stress in porcine retinal homogenates ( In a study using Escherichia coli mutants, PYC induced the expression of key antioxidant enzymes such as MnSOD and CuZnSOD, particularly under oxidative stress, suggesting a potential antioxidative role ( Similarly, PYC mitigated oxidative stress and inflammation induced by titanium dioxide nanoparticles in both murine lung tissue and human airway epithelial cells ( In a randomized clinical trial involving pediatric patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, PYC treatment produced a modest increase in catalase activity, suggesting potential antioxidant effects (Figure 1) in diverse contexts and experimental models
J Proteome Res (2021) 20(3):150921
Freeman and Company
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Integration with EV proteomics continued to reveal overlaps between pseudotime-associated genes and EV signals, with 24 and 10 overlapping genes in Trajectory A and 18 and 8 for Trajectory B for the before-L-serine- and the after-L-serine-treatment groups, respectively (Supplementary Fig
