Abbreviations APX: Ascorbate peroxidase AsA: Reduced ascorbate CAT: Catalase DHA: Oxidized ascorbate DNPH: 2,4-Dinitrophenyl hydrazine DTNB: 5,5-Dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) DTT: Dithiothreitol DTT EDTA: Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid FC: Field capacity FW: Fresh weight GSH: Reduced glutathione GSSG: Oxidized glutathione GOGAT: Glutamate synthase GOPX: Guaiacol peroxidase GPX: Glutathione peroxidase GR: Glutathione reductase H 2 O 2 : Hydrogen peroxide MDA: Malondialdehyde NBT: Nitro blue tetrazolium O 2 : Oxygen O 2 : Superoxide anions ONOO : Peroxynitrite PMSF: Phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride POD: Peroxidase PVP: Polyvinylpyrrolidone ROS: Reactive oxygen species RQ: Relative quantification SOD: Superoxide dismutase TBARS: Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances TEMED: N , N , N , N -Tetramethylethane-1,2-diamine WCM: Wheat curl mite References Akagawa M (2021) Protein carbonylation: molecular mechanisms, biological implications, and analytical approaches

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While originally studied for its ability to protect and repair the gastrointestinal lining, subsequent research revealed that its tissue-repair mechanisms extend far beyond the gut accelerating healing in tendons, ligaments, muscles, bones, the nervous system, and multiple organ systems
These findings are consistent with data accessed March 3, 2025