It can be more painful and carries a slightly higher risk of hitting a nerve or blood vessel if done improperly
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.649693 62 KunduSGhoshPDattaSGhoshAChattopadhyaySChatterjeeM
In response to the muscle damage and supplementation, circulating levels of free iron (that could possibly react to form hydroxyl radicals) were increased, lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase, markers of protein breakdown and damage, were elevated in the supplemented group as well as an increase in markers for oxidative stress
A smaller gauge needle, such as 25, has a larger diameter, allowing for a quicker injection
As emphasized by Guneet Gandhi et al., 2021, while liposomal formulations show theoretical and mechanistic advantages, robust large-scale clinical trials are still needed to define optimal dosing, duration, and condition-specific efficacy