Peptides represent a unique class of pharmaceuticals comprising amino acids, with molecular weights spanning from small molecules to proteins (Abbas et al., 2019)
This is especially relevant when combining actives like vitamin C and certain metals (copper, iron) that catalyze oxidation, or when combining actives that have incompatible pH optima
Of note, the reproductive phenotype of these two models is partially divergent, mimicking conditions of cycle irregularities but preserved ovulation (PNA) or complete anovulation (PWA), which also exist in clinics among women suffering from the syndrome 38
Tumor microenvironment remodeling Tumor cells reside in a highly heterogeneous niche composing of extracellular matrix and stromal cells such as fibroblasts, macrophages, and endothelial cells
for example, owing to its in vitro nature, it may not fully capture the complex interactions among various factors that occur within an in vivo environment