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Hildick-Smith et al, Journal of Adolescent Health , 2015

MR analyses with the Inverse-Variance-Weighted (IVW) method, MR Egger 56 , MR weighted median 57 (3), MR weighted mode, and MR-PRESSO 58 were performed for each of the behavior outcomes with each of the three outcomes (HPV-positive HNSCC patients versus controls, HPV-negative versus controls, and HPV-positive versus HPV-negative)

There are no requirements that manufacturers test their e-liquids, nor are there any standards to meet

However, further study is required to determine the extent of the additive effects to the dual user