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"Now that's not due, again, primarily to people quitting smoking, but rather taking that money [and] instead of paying tax on it, paying for illegal product that is going straight into the hands of organised crime." The tobacco industry commissioned research through FTI Consulting that shows illicit consumption made up almost a third of all tobacco consumed in 2023

This means that a cMRTP may contribute positively to population harm reduction, if it is of significantly lower risk than cigarettes for the individual tobacco user and, a significant number of current adult smokers are willing to switch to the product

Given that many studies included in this meta-analysis did not report the time elapsed between last cigarette smoked and MRI data collection (Additional file 1: Table S2), this potential confounding factor cannot be ruled out

Kandel DB, Griesler PC, Hu M-C

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