Classical Categorisation Raj Nighantu Parpatadi Varga Ayurvedic Properties Taste (Rasa) Bitter (Tikta), Pungent (Katu) Physical Property (Guna) Light (Laghu), Sharp (Teekshna), Penetrating/Diffusing (Vyavayi), Separating (Vikasi) Potency (Veerya) Hot Potency (Usna) Post-digestion Effect (Vipaka) Katu (Pungent) Effect on Tridosha Balance Vata and Kapha dosha Effect (Prabhava) Intoxicating (Madak) Therapeutic Properties Ushna (hot in potency) Anthelmintic Antiinflammatory Appetiser Digestive stimulant Toothache Possible therapeutic role of nicotine in Alzheimers disease, Parkinsons disease, depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, ADHD, pain, and obesity Systemic Actions External Use Acts as an analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-helminthic
Convergent validity was established for the relationships between the five factors
Heavy smokers tend to have higher midsection/belly fat due to insulin resistance
Sesamoids can break become irritated and inflamed
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