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Kodros , (corresponding author), Christine LOrange, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA Katelyn ODell, Jeffrey R

Changing the cabin air filter and cleaning the HVAC system prevents odor from circulating

Restricting the colour on packaging for all vaping and nicotine products Evidence suggests that brightly coloured packaging can increase the appeal of vaping to young people (Taylor and others, 2025a)

Slowest to need replacement, simplest to operate

Disposable e-cigarettes: 200-800 puffs per device Pod systems: 200-400 puffs per pod Cartridge systems: 150-300 puffs per cartridge Refillable tanks: Variable based on e-liquid capacity